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Muhammad Yunus (Bangladesh)尤努斯
穆罕默德•尤努斯教授是乡村银行运动的发起人和2006年诺贝尔和平奖获得者。他负责许多为穷人服务的创新项目。他曾经以富布莱特学者身份进入范德堡大学并于1969年获得经济学博士学位。他在美国的大学执教了一段时间,很快就回到孟加拉,任教于吉大港大学经济学系。
1974年,尤努斯博士率先提出了“乡村政府”概念,这是一种以村民参与为基础的地方政府形式。事实证明这个概念是成功的,并且在1980年被孟加拉政府采用。1978年尤努斯获得了Tebhaga Khamar总统奖,Tebhaga Khamar是一种合作社三分农业体制,在1977年被孟加拉政府批准作为打包引入项目。尤努斯博士还以他发明的小额信贷而闻名,为穷人提供小额贷款,是提升穷人社会经济条件的催化剂。
尤努斯博士的工作得到了广泛认可,他先后获得了诺贝尔和平奖、马尼拉的拉蒙•麦格塞塞奖、日内瓦的阿卡•汗建筑奖、斯里兰卡的莫哈默德•沙布丁科学奖、以及美国的世界食品奖。
在孟加拉国内,他获得过总统奖、中央银行奖和该国的最高荣誉——独立日奖。
Professor Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Movement and winner of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize, is responsible for many innovative programs benefiting the rural poor. He attended Vanderbilt University on a Fulbright Scholarship and received his Ph.D. in Economics in 1969. He taught briefly in the U.S. before returning to Bangladesh, where he joined the Economics Department at Chittagong University.
In 1974, Dr. Yunus pioneered the idea of Gram Sarker (village government) as a form of local government based on the participation of rural people. This concept proved successful and was adopted by the Bangladeshi government in 1980. In 1978, Yunus received the President’s Award for Tebhaga Khamar (a system of cooperative three-share farming, which the Bangladeshi government adopted as the Packaged Input Program in 1977). Dr. Yunus is also noted for the creation of "micro-credit," which provides "micro" loans to the poor and serves as a catalyst for improving their socio-economic conditions.
Dr. Yunus has received widespread recognition for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Ramon Magsaysay Award from Manila, the Aga Khan Award for Architecture from Geneva, the Mohamed Shabdeen Award for Science from Sri Lanka and the World Food Prize from the United States. Within Bangladesh, he has received the President’s Award, the Central Bank Award and the Independence Day Award, the nation’s highest honor.